Syrian Rebels Advance in Aleppo Offensive

The Syrian civil war has taken a dramatic turn as rebel forces, led by Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), launched a large-scale offensive on Aleppo, Syria’s second-largest city. This offensive marks the most significant rebel action in years, resulting in government forces withdrawing from key areas of the city.

HTS, a militant group with a complex history rooted in Al Qaeda, spearheaded the attack, aiming to expand its control beyond Idlib province. The offensive has seen Syrian government forces retreat south toward Hama, while Russian airstrikes attempt to stall the rebels’ advance.

Who Are Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS)?

HTS originated as Jabhat al-Nusra in 2011, aligning itself with Al Qaeda. Over the years, the group evolved, severing ties with Al Qaeda in 2016 and adopting its current name. HTS controls Idlib province, where it acts as a de facto administration but faces criticism for alleged human rights abuses.

Since the 2020 ceasefire, Idlib had remained relatively quiet. However, the recent offensive suggests a shift in HTS’s ambitions. Analysts point to weakened Iranian-backed militias, due to intensified Israeli airstrikes, as a contributing factor to the Syrian military’s vulnerability.

The Strategic Importance of Aleppo

Aleppo is a symbolic and strategic city in Syria’s conflict. Its fall to government forces in 2016 marked a significant victory for President Assad. The rebels’ current move not only challenges government control but also reignites international focus on Syria’s ongoing instability.

International Implications

Russia, a long-standing ally of Assad, responded with airstrikes, including the first on Aleppo since 2016. Meanwhile, the US criticized Syria’s reliance on Russian and Iranian support, holding them accountable for the current escalation.

What’s Next for Syria?

HTS’s sudden resurgence raises questions about the durability of Syria’s fragile peace. The rebel group’s renewed aggression could signal a prolonged conflict, affecting millions of displaced civilians in the region.